Systems and methods for absorption/expansion/contraction/movement of a liquid in a transparent cavity

ABSTRACT

A thermal compensation system is provided for a liquid-filled inflexible chamber of a device. The chamber has at least one exposed, at least partially transparent surface allowing an outside observer to observe at least one liquid and comprises a mechanism accommodating thermal expansion and/or contraction of the liquids. The mechanism is disposed so as to be substantially invisible to the observer.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a PCT application claiming priority to U.S.application No. 61/974,448, filed 3 Apr. 2014, entitled SYSTEMS ANDMETHODS FOR ABSORBTION/EXPANSION OF to A LIQUID IN A TRANSPARENT CAVITY,U.S. application No. 61/985,492, filed 29 Apr. 2014, entitled STEERINGAND VELOCITY CONTROL OF A MENISCUS SYSTEM AND METHOD, AND TIME PIECESYSTEM INCORPORATING SAME and U.S. application No. 62/033,686, filed on6 Aug. 2014, entitled TIME KEEPING DEVICES INCLUDING INDICATIONS BYMAGNETIC PARTICLES IN SUSPENSION IN LIQUID FILLED CHAMBERS, the contentsof the entirety of which are explicitly incorporated herein by referenceand relied upon to define features for which protection may be soughthereby as it is believed that the entirety thereof contributes tosolving the technical problem underlying the invention, some featuresthat may be mentioned hereunder being of particular importance.

COPYRIGHT & LEGAL NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialwhich is subject to copyright protection. The Applicant has no objectionto the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or thepatent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Officepatent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rightswhatsoever. Further, no references to third party patents or articlesmade herein are to be construed as an admission that the presentinvention is not entitled to antedate such material by virtue of priorinvention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to systems and methods for timepieces thatinclude absorption/expansion/movement of a liquid in a transparentcavity, particularly in wristwatches.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A thermal compensation system is provided for a liquid-filled inflexiblechamber of a device. The chamber has at least one exposed, at leastpartially transparent surface allowing an outside observer to observe atleast one liquid and comprises a mechanism accommodating thermalexpansion and/or contraction of the liquid(s). The mechanism is disposedso as to be substantially invisible to the observer.

The system prevents the thermal expansion and/or contraction of theliquid(s) from compromising (i.e., breaking) the closed inflexiblechamber in which they are contained.

At least one of such liquid is colored or has a suspension ofparticulate therein or has the same refractive index as the substrate(glass or polymer)

In one variant, the invention provides a thermal expansion system thatincludes a chamber, and a liquid, the chamber includes a visible systemand a non-visible system, the non-visible system is disposed underneaththe visible system. The non-visible system is filled with a gas, and thevisible system is filled with the liquid.

In yet a further variant of the invention, a thermal expansion system isprovided that includes an inner chamber. The inner chamber is filledwith a liquid, and the inner chamber further includes at least one innerchamber wall in which a soft, compressive/expansive material is disposedin a non-visible portion of the system.

In another embodiment, at least one inner chamber wall has, on at leasta portion of a surface thereof, a soft, compressive/expansive materialdisposed thereon.

In yet a further aspect of the invention, a thermal expansion system isprovided that includes a chamber. The chamber is formed from at leasttwo glass or polymer wafers, and the chamber includes at least twocavities. The at least two cavities are separated by one or moretransparent members forming two separate cavities. In one variant, atransparent membrane is disposed between and attached to the two glassor polymer wafers to form fluid tight/gas tight cavities. One of thecavities is filled with a liquid, while the second cavity provides anaccess hole for access to ambient pressure.

It is appreciated that these and other aspects of the invention arefurther described in the detailed description, drawings and claims ofthe instant application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic of a system compensating for the thermal expansionand/or contraction of a liquid of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic of a variant of a system for compensating for thethermal expansion and/or contraction of a liquid of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic of another variant of a system for compensatingfor the thermal expansion and/or contraction of a liquid of theinvention.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the Figuresare illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily beendrawn to scale. For example, dimensions may be exaggerated relative toother elements to help improve understanding of the invention and itsembodiments. Furthermore, when the terms ‘first’, ‘second’, and the likeare used herein, their use is intended for distinguishing betweensimilar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential orchronological order. Moreover, relative terms like ‘front’, ‘back’,‘top’ and ‘bottom’, and the like in the Description and/or in the claimsare not necessarily used for describing exclusive relative position.Those skilled in the art will therefore understand that such terms maybe interchangeable with other terms, and that the embodiments describedherein are capable of operating in other orientations than thoseexplicitly illustrated or otherwise described.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The following description is not intended to limit the scope of theinvention in any way as it is exemplary in nature, serving to describethe best mode of the invention known to the inventors as of the filingdate hereof. Consequently, changes may be made in the arrangement and/orfunction of any of the elements described in the exemplary embodimentsdisclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a system 100 compensates for thermal expansionand/or contraction of an encapsulated liquid 102 contained in a fluidicchamber 104 typically formed by the bonding of two or more glass orpolymer wafers 106, 108, 110 together. A suitable bonding process isfusion bonding, although other methods may be used. The glass or polymerwafers 106, 108, 110 are transparent, translucent, or colored, or acombination thereof, as desired. It is appreciated that the system 100provides a desired aesthetic appearance suitable for wristwatches orother luxury jewelry apparel. The liquid 102 is preferably a colored orparticulated liquid or has the same refractive index as the substrate(glass or polymer) liquid in a variant of the invention, anddisplacement of the liquid 102 is dependent on the liquid's thickness orviscosity. Liquid 102 is homogeneous of one variant of the invention,however, liquid 102 may be heterogeneous in another variant of theinvention (e.g., having a suspension of a particulate such as goldleaf), for aesthetic effect. The fluidic chamber 104 is formed by thebonding of, for example, three glass or polymer wafers, 106, 108, 110 atbonding junctures 165, 195. Where the wafer is not integral with wafer108 and appropriately machined or processed, a fourth wafer 111 is alsoprovided, and bonded to wafers 106, 110 at bonded junctures 140, 141.Glass or polymer wafer 111 has a specific geometry and three dimensionalprofile that optionally includes recess 168 forming a larger cavity 114.Larger cavity 114 then is in fluid communication with passage way 145which optionally has a bend 149 which joins passage way 119 forming asuitable “U” shaped cavity within the system 100. The liquid 102 isinjected into the fluidic chamber 104 through access hole 112 which isclosed with plug 148, optionally a glass or polymer plug, after filling.At the end of the process, the fluidic chamber 104 obtained is composedof a main visible system 115 filled with the liquid 102, and a gasfilled chamber extension 116. Chamber extension 116 is disposed belowthe main fluidic chamber 104 in relation to a field of view of anobserver/user 117, and the chamber extension 116 is filled with a gas118. It is appreciated that the invention provides for both a visibleand invisible portions of the mechanism simultaneously to a user's fieldof view in one variant. During a liquid thermal expansion, the gas 118is compressed by the fluid 102 leading to additional space for theliquid 102 under the main fluidic chamber 104. The opposite occurs asthe liquid contracts upon cooling. It may be added that the system mustbe dimensioned such that the gas 119 does not reach the limit of theextension chamber 116 to the minimum operational temperature of thesystem (e.g. −20° C.), preventing the gas going out of the chamber 116.

Referring to FIG. 2, a variant of the invention includes a cut away viewof system 200. Fluidic chamber 202 is formed by the bonding of two ormore glass or polymer wafers, 204, 206. The bonding creates at least twobonded junctures 265, 295. A soft, compressible/expandable material 208is inserted or injected through the chamber access hole 210 placed on atleast one side 215 of the wafer 204, the hole 210 traversing the entirewidth of the wafer 204. The fluidic chamber 202 is entirely filled withthe preferably colored or particulated liquid 212 or is a liquid havingthe same refractive index as the substrate (glass or polymer) throughthe access hole 210 which is closed and sealed with a plug 265,preferably made of glass or polymer, after filling. Optionally, a secondaccess hole (not shown) to fluidic chamber 202 is also provided tofacilitate the evacuation of the gas remaining inside the cavity. Theoptional second access hole is also closed with a plug, e.g. a glass orpolymer plug, after the filling process. Of course, it is appreciatedthat a plurality of access holes may be provided through wafers 204and/206 and then closed and sealed as necessary, in another variant ofthe invention. In operation and during fluid thermal expansion, thepressure generated by the liquid 212 compresses the soft material 208creating additional space for the liquid 212. The opposite occurs duringthermal contraction of the liquid 212. The soft material 208 ispreferably a closed cell sponge, but other materials exist that do notcontain gas that are nonetheless compressible in water. In a spongevariant, the closed cell structure is necessary to avoid the sponge 208absorbing the liquid and therefore becoming essentially incompressible.Further, in order to permit bonding by fusion bonding, thecompressibility of the soft material must be greater than its resistanceto fusion bonding.

Another variant of the invention, system 300, is illustrated iwaternFIG. 3, The fluidic chamber 302 is formed by boding, preferably fusionbonding, of two or more glass or polymer wafers 304, 306, and onetransparent membrane 307 placed between the two or more glass or polymerwafers 304, 306. In this configuration, the fluidic chamber 302 isseparated in two or more sections 308, 310 that areairtight/liquid-tight in one variant. The two sections 308, 310 areaccessible by holes 395, 319 in the wafer 304, and wafer 306. Section308 is entirely filled with a preferably colored or particulated liquid316 or a liquid which has the same refractive index as the substrate(glass or polymer), while section 310 is filled with air or othersuitable gas. After the filling process, the access hole 395 used toinject the liquid 316 is closed and sealed with a plug 365, e.g. a glassor polymer plug, with the other access hole 319 remaining opened. Asdescribed above in FIG. 2, on the side 318 of the wafer 304 for liquidinjection, a second optional access hole 321 is provided to facilitatethe evacuation of the gas remaining inside the cavity of section 308.The optional second access hole 321 is also closed and sealed with aglass plug 322 after the filling process. In operation and during fluidthermal expansion of the liquid 316, the pressure generated by theliquid 316 deforms the membrane 307 creating additional space for thefluid 316. Both open and closed systems are provided in differentvariants of the invention described herein.

In the accompanying description, it is appreciated that the system 100,200, 300 for a device includes a mechanism and/or subsystem to providefor a thermal expansion and contraction of a preferably colored orparticulated liquid, or a liquid which has the same refractive index asthe substrate (glass or polymer) in a chamber as described herein in amanner that is non-visible to a user.

The invention and variants thereof are further described in theaccompanying claims and drawings.

In an advantage of the invention, the system 100, 200, 300 provide a wayto display a vivid fluid filled cavity without concern that thermalexpansion or contraction of the fluid will cause damage to the chamberin which it is contained, thus avoiding leaks and cracks.

In a further advantage, the system 100, 200, 300 may be filled with aliquid having a particulate suspended therein, such as gold leaf, whichprovides a highly attractive decorative effect.

In a further advantage, the system 100, 200, 300 provides an efficientmeans of fabrication through the bonding together of flat wafers.

In a still further advantage, the system 100, 200, 300 requires littlespace or volume and so may be integrated into small devices such aswatches. Further, effects can be created that bring to mind theassociation with luxurious and innovative products.

The liquid 102 may be static and so purely decorative or moved in asystem that might have a technical function, such as the indication oftime. The system may even be a closed system, driven by a pump.Ferromagnetics may be used to move the liquid. A simple electric pumpinside the closed system may also be used, where power is suppliedthrough electrodes that traverse the closed system boundaries. Thephenomena of electrowetting may also be used to move the fluid.

As used herein, the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or variationsthereof, are intended to refer to a non-exclusive listing of elements,such that any apparatus, process, method, article, or composition of theinvention that comprises a list of elements, that does not include onlythose elements recited, but may also include other elements described inthe instant specification. Unless otherwise explicitly stated, the useof the term “consisting” or “consisting of” or “consisting essentiallyof” is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to theenumerated elements named thereafter, unless otherwise indicated. Othercombinations and/or modifications of the above-described elements,materials or structures used in the practice of the present inventionmay be varied or adapted by the skilled artisan to other designs withoutdeparting from the general principles of the invention. The patents andarticles mentioned above are hereby incorporated by reference herein,unless otherwise noted, to the extent that the same are not inconsistentwith this disclosure.

Other characteristics and modes of execution of the invention aredescribed in the appended claims. Further, the invention should beconsidered as comprising all possible combinations of every featuredescribed in the instant specification, appended claims, and/or drawingfigures which may be considered new, inventive and industriallyapplicable.

Copyright may be owned by the Applicant(s) or their assignee and, withrespect to express Licensees to third parties of the rights defined inone or more claims herein, no implied license is granted herein to usethe invention as defined in the remaining claims. Further, vis-à-vis thepublic or third parties, no express or implied license is granted toprepare derivative works based on this patent specification, inclusiveof the appendix hereto.

Additional features and functionality of the invention are described inthe claims appended hereto. Such claims are hereby incorporated in theirentirety by reference thereto in this specification and should beconsidered as part of the application as filed.

Multiple variations and modifications are possible in the embodiments ofthe invention described here. Although certain illustrative embodimentsof the invention have been shown and described here, a wide range ofchanges, modifications, and substitutions is contemplated in theforegoing disclosure. While the above description contains many specificdetails, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope ofthe invention, but rather exemplify one or another preferred embodimentthereof. In some instances, some features of the present invention maybe employed without a corresponding use of the other features.Accordingly, it is appropriate that the foregoing description beconstrued broadly and understood as being illustrative only, the spiritand scope of the invention being limited only by the claims whichultimately issue in this application.

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 17. A system for compensation for thermal expansionand/or contraction of an encapsulated liquid contained within a sealedchamber, comprising: a liquid permanently encapsulated within a fluidicchamber, at least a portion of the chamber having a visible lightproperty, the visible light property selected from the group consistingof a transparent visible light property, a translucent visible lightproperty and a colored visible light property, whereby the systemprovides a desired aesthetic appearance.
 18. The system of claim 17,whereby, the system is a closed system.
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 26. The system of claim 17, in which the fluidic chamberfurther comprises: a main fluidic chamber having a main visible portion,the main visible portion containing the liquid, and a gas filled chamberextension portion having a gas therein, wherein the gas filled portionis positioned so as not to be within the field of view of a user. 27.The system of claim 26, in which the gas filled chamber extensionportion is disposed beneath the main visible portion of the fluidicchamber with respect to a field of view of a user.
 28. The system ofclaim 27, wherein the gas is compressed or, respectively, expanded,during a liquid thermal expansion or, respectively contraction, by theliquid leading to additional space for the liquid within the mainfluidic chamber, the additional space for the liquid being disposedunder the main fluidic chamber and not within a field of view of a user.29. A process of fabricating a system for compensation for thermalexpansion and/or contraction of an encapsulated liquid contained withina fluidic chamber, the process comprising: a. forming at least one waferso as to define the fluidic chamber and a gas chamber in fluidcommunication therewith, the chamber having at least one access holeinto its interior; b. injecting a fluid in the fluid chamber so as tofill the same but not to substantially enter the gas chamber; c.substantially or completely filling the fluidic chamber with a liquidthrough the access hole; and d. optionally, closing and sealing thefluid access hole with a plug, optionally a glass plug, after filling.30. The process to create a system of claim 29, further comprisingproviding at least a second access hole to the fluidic chamber, wherebythe evacuation of the gas remaining inside a cavity within the fluidicchamber is facilitated through said second access hole, and optionallysealing the second access hole with a plug.
 31. The process to create asystem of claim 30, further comprising: closing the second access holewith a plug, optionally a glass plug, after the filling step.
 32. Aprocess to the fabrication of a system for compensation for thermalexpansion and/or contraction of an encapsulated liquid contained withina fluidic chamber, the process comprising: e. forming at least one waferso as to define the fluidic chamber; f. injecting a soft,compressible/expandable material through a chamber access hole, and thechamber access hole being disposed on at least one interior side wall ofthe fluidic chamber; g. substantially or completely filling the fluidicchamber with a liquid through a fluid access hole through said two ormore glass or polymer wafers; and, h. optionally, closing the fluidaccess hole with a plug, optionally a glass plug, after filling.
 33. Aprocess for fabricating a compensation system for thermal expansionand/or contraction of an encapsulated liquid contained within a fluidicchamber, the process comprising: forming the fluidic chamber and placingone or more transparent membranes between two or more wafers, wherebythe fluidic chamber is separated into two or more sections by said oneor more transparent membranes, and in which at least some of the two ormore sections are airtight and watertight.
 34. The process of claim 33further comprising: accessing the two or more sections by way of atleast one hole through the at least one of the two or more glass orpolymer wafers to fill at least a portion of the two or more sectionswith the liquid.
 35. The process of claim 34 further comprising fillingat least one section entirely with a colored or particulated liquid or aliquid having the same refractive index as the substrate (glass orpolymer) to obtain a decorative liquid filled section, and at least oneother section other than the foregoing liquid, filled with a gas, thegas optionally being air.
 36. The process of claim 35 furthercomprising, after the filling step, closing the at least one hole with aplug, optionally made of glass, to obtain a plugged hole, and a holeother than the plugged hole open to the surroundings of the fluidicchamber.
 37. The process of claim 36 further comprising evacuating gaswithin the fluidic chamber by way of an optional evacuation hole.
 38. Aprocess for fabrication of a compensation system for thermal expansionand/or contraction of an encapsulated liquid contained within a fluidicchamber, the process comprising: i. forming at least one wafer so as todefine the fluidic chamber having at least one wall which is invisibleto an observer when the system is in use; j. attaching a soft,compressible/expandable material to at least one interior wall of thefluidic chamber; k. substantially or completely filling the fluidicchamber with a liquid via a fluid access hole; and, l. optionally,closing the fluid access hole with a plug, optionally a glass plug,after filling.
 39. The process of claim 38, wherein the attaching of thesoft, compressible/expandable material is performed by fusion bonding ofthe material, optionally in wafer form to other glass or polymer wafers.40. Any one of the above processes in which the chamber is formed byfusion bonding of glass wafers one on the other.
 41. Any one of theabove processes in which the chamber is formed by injection molding.